Tambrey Station Homestead Ruins

Condition

Ruins

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

Tambrey homestead is significant for its mud (ant hill0 construction and the workmanship displayed in the arches over windows and doors. Also of note is the nearby grave. It is historically important as one of the early Tableland stations and its association with early pastoral pioneers such as the Meares and Cusack families. However the buildings are in ruinous state and there seems little hope of maintenance from the owners

Physical Description

The Tambrey homestead (in ruins) consists of three rooms in the centre core underneath the main hipped corrugated iron roof with framed verandah enclosures each end clad in corrugated iron. The central core is of 340mm thick wallss probably gathered from the numerous ant hills about the countryside. The window frames have been removed. Over the windows and doors, arches have been formed of key shaped mud blocks. The verandahs are of timber posts and verandah beams but have no rafters, the corrugated iron sheeting spanning unaided between the verandah beams and wall plates. The verandah roof is largely collapsed. The floors are of concrete. The outbuildings are of timber frame with the remnants of corrugated iron cladding on the roofs which are all missing. The fenced grave of T.D. Cusack its tombstone paid for by the road gang working at Tambrey at the time of his death is at the rear of the house. Tambrey is regularly visited by bus tours and there has been pressure for some years from tourist authorities and from individual tourists for the Trust to assess the property and try to encourage its restoration.

History

Assessment July 1982. Constructed 1890's: Pise (of ant bed), iron roof, rafters of sawn tree trunks Earlier part of another lease (Viveash's Inthernura station, no longer in existence) Tambrey dates from the middle 1880's when it was owned by Henry Meares but its closest association has been with the Cusacks. W.H. Cusack who went there about 1892 became a partner in 1902 and his son T.D. Cusack managed the property from c. 1922 until his death in a shooting accident in 1936. It is now run as part of the nearby Coolawanyah station.

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Statement of Significance

Tambrey Station Homestead, comprising the ruins of a single-storey mud brick and iron dwelling, and associated bush timber and iron buildings, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the place has associations with the development of the pastoral industry in the Pilbara district and demonstrates the evolution of a pastoral settlement since 1893. the place has close associations with H. Meares, S. H. Viveash, W. H. and T. D. Cusack, C. O. Ferguson, and R. and L. Parsons, all of whom played a significant role in the development of the North-West pastoral industry. The place also has associations with the Aboriginal people who worked and lived on the property; and,the place was of high-quality workmanship and demonstrates techniques of mud brick construction that are important for the local material components and the design detail of the arched openings. Nearby structures, including the meathouse, kitchen buildings, storeroom and carriage shed, together with T. Cusack's grave, the slab floor of the shearer's kitchen and sheep yards, are considered to have some heritage significance and contribute to the understanding of the place.

Physical Description

Exterior: The homestead comprises a group of building remains located about 500m north of the Roebourne-Wittenoom Road. The ruins include a mud-brick homestead, several bush-timber and iron outbuildings, and sheep yards situated south of the creek. Built in 1893, the homestead is a typical North West vernacular dwelling. It originally consisted of a rectangular core with surrounding verandahs, thick mud-brick walls, a corrugated short-sheet iron hipped roof without gutters, and a separate kitchen building. The mud bricks were made of local materials, such as spinifex, and sheep dags. A cyclone in 1982 removed part of the roof, and the structure has deteriorated significantly since. Short roof sheets survive along the eastern side, but most other sections are missing. The western wall has partly collapsed, the northern side wall has fully collapsed, and although the four original openings on the eastern wall (two doors, two windows) remain, they are in poor condition. Interior: Internally, the dwelling appears to have once comprised three large rooms. The walls show signs of mud rendering over the mud brick. The central room has a large open fireplace constructed of the same mud brick as the rest of the building. No evidence of ceilings, doors or windows remain.

History

Tambrey Station was originally part of the Inthernura Station lease held by Samuel Henry Viveash. It emerged as a separate station in the mid-1880s when Henry Seymour Meares took over the lease, remaining associated with Tambrey for more than 30 years and serving on several Roads Boards and regional organisations. In 1892, William Henry Cusack, a jackaroo and blacksmith from one of Viveash’s stations, began working at Tambrey for Meares. The homestead was built in 1893 while Cusack was managing the property. Constructed quickly due to the expected birth of Ms Cusack’s child, it used antbed mud bricks mixed with chopped spinifex and dags from the woolshed, with roof timbers cut from nearby trees. The walls reached only about 2.45 metres. In 1902, Cusack and Meares became partners in the lease, which by 1915 covered 161,874 hectares and could support around 20,000 sheep. Charles Ogilvie Ferguson, employed at Tambrey, later acquired an interest in the property and, following the deaths of Meares and Cusack during World War I, took over operations. Around 1922, Cusack’s son, Thomas D. Cusack, assumed management. As Chairperson of the Roebourne Roads Board, he often hosted meetings at Tambrey Homestead. His wife, Olive, served as Secretary and established a tennis court with the help of Aboriginal workers; social gatherings there drew families from across the district. In 1949, Lang Hancock purchased Hooley and Tambrey Stations for £50,000. A year later, Les Parsons of Coolawanyah Station and Sir Edward H. Lefroy bought both properties from Hancock for the same amount. In the late 1970s the station transitioned from sheep to cattle, and part of the homestead roof was lost during a cyclone in the early 1980s. By 2016, Tambrey Station Homestead was vacant and ruinous, and the station now forms part of the larger Coolawanyah Station.

Archaeology

Tambrey Station Homestead has the potential, through its built fabric and the sites of demolished buildings, to yield information regarding the evolution of pastoral industry practices from the 1890s to the present.

Integrity/Authenticity

Medium. Although the place is now vacant and in ruin, the original intent is still clear. The long-term viability of restoring the place is questionable. The place has no obvious interventions to the 1893 fabric, apart from general deterioration caused by exposure to the elements since its abandonment.

Condition

Poor. The condition of the place reflects the effects of the environment and abandonment. Part of the roof was ripped off during a cyclone in 1982, the western wall has deteriorated and partially collapsed, and the sidewall (northern) has also collapsed.

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Nanutarra Station Complex

Condition

The buildings of the Nanutarra Station Complex are in fair to poor condition, with a few parts in very poor condition. Areas of masonry and render have deteriorated due to rising damp and moisture ingress, and minor cracking has occurred in the original walls as a result of movement. All windows have deteriorated with use and exposure to the elements. The roofs are in poor condition. The interior fittings are relatively intact and in good condition, as are the internal surfaces and finishes.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

Nanutarra, comprising a mud brick and iron Victorian Georgian homestead (c.1883/4) and vernacular outbuildings [meat house (c.1940s), visitor’s quarters (c.1950s) and outhouse] located in an open yard, together with gravesites, shearing camp (ruins), and archaeological remnants, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the homestead is a good example of Victorian Georgian architecture, featuring two detached wings. the place is a good representative example of a pastoral station complex dating from the late nineteenth century, having been established c.1878 as part of the early pastoral development of the Ashburton region. the historic development of the station demonstrates the characteristic expansion of remote pastoral properties, particularly in the State’s north west, from simple nineteenth century family homesteads to the large pastoral complexes of the present. from the 1870s to the 1930s, the place was owned and predominantly managed by members of the prominent Western Australian Higham family. the place’s early and ongoing success relied in part on the Aboriginal workers and their families who lived and worked at the place from the late nineteenth into the twentieth century; and, the place is representative of stations in the State’s north west that were run and overseen by European pastoralists and supported by an Aboriginal population, who both lived and worked on the station, from the late nineteenth century until well into the twentieth centuries. the bough shed, bathroom, vehicle shelter, machinery shed, workers’ quarters and fence are of little significance.

Physical Description

Exterior: Nanutarra Homestead is located on Lot 4 on the western side of the Northwest Coastal Highway opposite the Nanutarra Roadhouse. To the south of the homestead is the Ashburton River. The homestead is located within a fenced yard, which is largely grassed with a number of large trees around the perimeter. The homestead comprises two wings (known as the north wing and the south wing), each with a verandah to all sides and corrugated iron roof sheeting. The verandahs are supported by steel posts and have poured concrete floors. The two separate buildings were once connected by a central verandah. The north wing (c.1884) was constructed from locally made bricks and comprises three rooms. The external walls appear to have been lime washed over an extended period but are now finished with paint. Windows are timber double hung. The roof sheeting has recently been replaced. The construction date of the southern wing is unknown. However, it is considered that it may be part of the initial c.1878 temporary dwelling constructed by Higham. Extensive renovations were conducted to the south wing in the1950s. It comprises a former kitchen and living area, constructed from bricks with timber double hung windows. The bricks have been painted. Attached to the western end of this wing is a timber framed and corrugated iron clad store,with awning windows. There are a range of other buildings around the homestead including a shed to the north; a visitor’s quarters to the east; a bathroom to the west; and a meat house to the south. Refer to the Conservation Plan for further details on these buildings. In addition, there are three marked graves surrounding the Homestead: one to the northwest, one to the south and another to the southwest. The Shearing Camp is located to the north of the homestead and comprises a number of ruinous buildings, bare slabs, and the remains of water tanks. The most notable structure remaining in the camp is the Shearer’s Quarters, which comprises a steel and timber structure with corrugated metal sheeting. Interior: The internal walls of the north wing are finished with painted plaster, and it has 130mm tongue and groove floorboards on timber joists. The ceiling is lined with 150mm tongue and groove timber boards. The central room contains a brick fireplace with a timber surround and has doors on the east and west. The south wing has painted concrete floors, and the ceiling lining is fixed to the underside of the rafters. The kitchen has a large, plastered brick fireplace and chimney with a built-in wood stove.

History

The area known as Nanutarra was granted to Richard Hicks in 1866. Like many of the stations in the Northwest, Nanutarra was used as grazing land for a number of years prior to being developed with a permanent settlement. By 1880 and as early as 1878, Harry Higham took up this lease, along with several others nearby to run sheep on the land. It is believed that Harry had constructed some sort of temporary structure at the station around 1878, however the Nanutarra Homestead as it is recognised today was not commenced until 1883 (completed 1894) when the brickmaker began moulding bricks on site. The building was designed by Raglan Jarvis of Fremantle and initially comprised of what is now known as the north wing. Higham built the home for his wife, Maud Batement who he would not bring to Nanutarra until a suitable abode existed. The Higham family were a prominent early family in the Ashburton region who amongst other things lobbied for improved conditions including but not limited to a mail service, port improvements, a police station, and a roads building. The success of Nanutarra was dependent on skilled labour and Higham had many Aboriginal workers undertaking a variety of tasks including fencing, shearing, team mustering, and stock work. By the 1900s, Higham had left a manager in charge of Nanutarra, a common trend amongst pastoralists as stations increased in size. After a period of drought in the mid-1930s, the place was transferred to the Boolaloo Pastoral Company, owned by the Barrett-Lennard family. In the 1960s cattle were introduced to Nanutarra for the first time, with the fall of wool prices contributing to this decision. The Barrett-Lennard family sold the Station to the Australian Cattle Company in 1985 and since this time it has continued to be run as a cattle station. The Bogle family purchased Nanutarra Station in 1992 and lived in the homestead until late 2000 when operations were moved to Uaroo homestead. However, following the death of Robert Bogle in late 2007, both Nanutarra and Uaroo pastoral properties were sold in 2008, but the homestead has remained under the ownership of the Bogle family and separate from the surrounding cattle station. In 2000, Nanutarra received $5,000 from the Heritage Council of Western Australia for the preparation of a Conservation Plan for the place. Restoration works have been completed at the property in recent times.

Archaeology

Nanutarra has the potential, through its built fabric from several eras and the sites of demolished buildings, to yield information regarding the evolution of pastoral industry practices from the 1880s to the present.

Integrity/Authenticity

High

Condition

Fair. Areas of masonry and render have deteriorated in the north and south wings due to rising damp and moisture ingress, and minor cracking has occurred in the original walls as a result of movement. The roofs are in poor condition with the exception of the roof to the north wing, which has recently been replaced. The elements at the Shearing Camp are in a poor condition.

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Tramway and Jetty

Parent Place or Precinct

03444 Old Onslow Townsite

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Peedamulla Homestead (ruin)

Condition

The place is a ruin.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

Peedamulla Homestead (ruin), a group of single-storey stone and iron buildings including a homestead, adjacent kitchen and outbuildings (c.1915), older stone buildings (c.1900) and a water tank (c.1885) set in a landscape of pastoral grass and trees, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the place has close associations with Edmund and Archibald Burt, early pastoralists in the Pilbara who were important identities in the establishment of Onslow and the development of the Ashburton region. the place has associations with the development of the pastoral industry in the Ashburton district and demonstrates the evolution of a pastoral settlement since 1885. it contributes to the community's sense of place as a former pastoral station homestead that was once a regular stopping place for travellers on the original north-west highway; and, the place is a representative example of a c.1915 North-West pastoral homestead.

Physical Description

Peedamulla Homestead consists of single-storey stone and iron buildings, including the c.1915 homestead, adjacent kitchen and outbuildings, earlier stone buildings from c.1895, and a c.1885 stone water tank. The homestead is built of local stone with rendered quoins showing Victorian Georgian influences. It comprises two rectangular wings linked by a central breezeway, with all rooms opening onto a surrounding concrete verandah that was likely timber originally. Many cast-iron verandah posts around the homestead and kitchen remain. Several more recent station and training-related buildings sit less than 50 metres north of the homestead and obstruct the view when approaching from the main gravel road. A few hundred metres to the northwest stand the c.1885 water tank, a circular four-metre-high double-stone structure with a regularly bonded external face and mud-mortared rubble inner wall. Near the tank are two small single-room stone structures: a c.1885 dwelling with bush-timber lintels, a west verandah and evidence of a former southern verandah, and a c.1895 building with bush-timber rafters and flat tin sheeting. Inside the homestead, remnants of plaster cornices, air vents and hard-plastered walls survive, though ceilings are missing and significant weathering and graffiti are evident. A classically detailed arch with Corinthian columns connects the lounge room to the breezeway, and each room retains its fireplace and mantelpiece.

History

Peedamulla Homestead was originally known as Peedamullah until 1928. The name comes from a local Aboriginal word meaning “plenty water.” After Francis T. Gregory’s 1862 explorations opened the Ashburton district to pastoralism, more than 106 leases were taken up between 1879 and 1883, including those that became Peedamulla Station. Morrell and Cook were the first known leaseholders, followed by brothers Edmund and Archibald Burt in the early 1880s. Around 1885, a water tank and a small stone dwelling were built, with another similar building added about ten years later. The Burts employed Aboriginal workers, most of whom were born on or near the station, with men undertaking pastoral work and women assisting around the homestead. Archibald Burt was active in the development of Old Onslow after its gazettal in 1885, serving on the Ashburton Roads Board before leaving the property in 1895. Edmund remained in charge and likely commissioned the circa-1915 homestead, built as living standards improved and in anticipation of his marriage in 1916. Edmund served as Chairman of the Ashburton Roads Board between 1920 and 1927, during which the new town of Onslow at Beadon Point was developed. The station sat along the original coastal highway, and travellers often stopped at the homestead. Edmund died in 1927; Peedamulla Station Ltd was incorporated the following year and took over the lease in 1929. Ownership changed again in 1933 to Cornelius McManus and W. Montgomery, and a cyclone in 1934 destroyed 40 windmills. In 1937, Alexander Hardie purchased the 286,253-hectare property. After his death in 1954, other Hardie family members continued operations. The lease was reduced in 1961 due to land resumed for the Onslow Water Supply, and cyclones in 1961 and 1963 damaged the homestead and shearing sheds, with significant stock losses. Falling wool prices led to the sale of the station in the early 1970s to Neville and Moira McDonald. They sold it again within three years. In 1975, the Commonwealth Government purchased Peedamulla for the Aboriginal people of the Onslow region. The Noualla Group (Inc.) took over the lease, and since 1981 the Jundaru Aboriginal Corporation has managed the station. Cyclone Olivia unroofed the homestead in 1984, leading managers to relocate to a transportable building nearby. Since 2014, Ashburton Aboriginal Corporation has delivered pastoral training programs on the station.

Archaeology

The place may contain material or subsurface remains that have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of human occupation and development in the remote North-West.

Integrity/Authenticity

Medium

Condition

Poor. Whilst the exterior walls are in good condition the place is in a poor condition due to exposure to the elements, subsequent vandalism, destruction of the windows, and the loss of the main roof form.

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Old Onslow Police Station

Parent Place or Precinct

03444 Old Onslow Townsite

Uses

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

The former Police Residence has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the building is a good example of the North West Vernacular Bungalow with its large simple roof planes, deep shady verandahs and unpretentious homely quality. the place is one of the few early buildings, built soon after the relocation of the town to Beadon Point, that has survived the harsh climatic conditions of the North West the place is a good representative example of the type of housing for civil servants built when Onslow was formed at its new site at Beadon Point.

Physical Description

The residence was located along a portion of First Street, west of Second Avenue, which comprises a total of four dwellings and abuts the current Onslow Police Station. The house was set back approximately ten metres from the front boundary behind a simple iron post and wire fence and was shaded by a large Poinciana tree. The residence was an example of a Northwest Vernacular Bungalow with its large simple roof plane, deep shady verandah and unpretentious homely quality. The building was raised on stumps and had a hipped corrugated iron roof with cyclone battening. The roof form extended to provide coverage for the front and side verandah, which had been enclosed completely obscuring views to the facade behind.

History

The former Police Constable’s Residence was built in 1925, shortly after the new Onslow townsite at Beadon Point was gazetted. It formed part of the early streetscape of the new town and replaced the earlier 1893 Police Station and Quarters at Old Onslow, which could not be relocated when the town shifted from the Ashburton River mouth to Beadon Point. Two police cottages were built to the same Public Works Department plan, each costing £1,400, with identical quarters also constructed for the wharfinger. The subject residence remained on its original site, while the second cottage at No. 1 First Street was later demolished and replaced. Behind the cottages were the police gaol and stables, also now demolished. The residence was part of a larger program of 1925 public works, including the goods shed, hospital, wharfinger’s quarters, tramway, water supply scheme and school. Early reports note the first officers—Sergt. Pilkington and Constable Martin—established extensive gardens at the new quarters. The former Police Constable’s Residence was demolished and the site cleared between September 2023 and May 2024.

Archaeology

There is some potential for archaeology deposits to be found on site.

Integrity/Authenticity

Low. The place has been demolished

Condition

N/A. The place has been demolished

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Old Onslow Townsite

Child Places

• 04232 Tramway and Jetty
• 03949 Old Onslow Police Station

Condition

Old Onslow Townsite is a rare example of an historical archaeological site of a former ‘frontier’ settlement in a very remote area of the North West of the State.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Child Places

• 04232 Tramway and Jetty
• 03949 Old Onslow Police Station

Statement of Significance

Old Onslow Townsite, an archaeological site comprising various structures and features, including the Police Station Complex (1893; 1906/1907), located in a natural setting on the banks of the Ashburton River, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the place is a rare example of an historical archaeological site of a former ‘frontier’ settlement in a very remote area of the North West of the State. the remaining fabric and archaeological material of the place is important for its ability to reveal information about the history of the town from its establishment up to its abandonment in 1925. the plan of the town, with its centre, residential area and labourers’ camps, is representative of social planning characteristic of eighteenth and nineteenth century European colonial attitudes towards Aboriginal, Japanese, Chinese, Malay, Filipino, Afghan and Italian workers and their families, demonstrating the frontier mentality of the era and the private enterprise ethic which exploited natural resources. the place was established to service the local pearling and pastoral industries in the late nineteenth century, and as such has associations with the development of the North West of the State. the Police Station Complex has landmark value as it is the most substantial structure remaining within the original townsite. the place is of significance to the local Aboriginal community, who have strong memories of Old Onslow, in particular with regard to conflict between local Aboriginal people and European settlers and the exploitation of Aboriginal workers in the pearling and pastoral industries. the natural setting of the place, with its native vegetation and location on the flats of the Ashburton River, together with the ruins and archaeological remains of the buildings lends the place high aesthetic qualities. the place is associated with a number of prominent Western Australians who assumed leases in the area and were engaged in the pearling and pastoral industries, including the Forrest family; and, the place has associations with J. Clark, who established the port at the Ashburton River in 1882/1883 and who, through the construction of such enterprises as the jetty, the first general store and the Rob Roy Hotel, was largely responsible for the development of the town in the 1880s through to the early 1900s.

Physical Description

The Old Onslow Townsite lies about 20 km west of the ‘new’ Onslow (established in 1924). It is approached from the south via an unsealed road accessed off Twitchen Road. Within the site, several gravel tracks cross the former townsite, some following the approximate alignment of historic streets. However, the original town layout is now difficult to recognise, as natural regrowth has reclaimed much of the area and vehicle traffic has created new informal routes. Interpretation signs mark the locations of former buildings, and a Visitor Information Bay with toilets is located near the former Police Complex. Few structures remain. When the town was relocated to Beadon Bay, most movable buildings were transported to the new site, and other materials were repurposed on pastoral stations. The remaining ruins include the Police Station, the old Gaol, remnants of the 1894 Post Office, James Clark’s house, and the store and water tank from the hospital site. The most visually prominent ruins are the Police Station and Quarters and the old Gaol. Built from locally quarried “coral sandstone” and designed by the Public Works Department in the Victorian Georgian style, these structures stand out among the surrounding vegetation. The Police Station and Quarters was built in 1893. The old Gaol, located southeast of the Police Station, contains two original 1893 cells, an exercise yard on the western side, and a 1906–07 addition of three more cells to the east. Between the Police Station and the Gaol is a water tank with a curved roof. The town cemetery is situated northeast of the townsite along the continuation of Campbell Street. Used until the 1920s, it covers roughly two hectares. To the east of the townsite are remnants of the 1909 Ashburton Sea Port tramline, including parts of a timber bridge, raised earthen embankments, and other structural remnants. Further east lie the archaeological remains of the Ashburton Sea Port, including piles from two former jetties.

History

The town and port of Old Onslow was gazetted in 1885 after years of lobbying from pastoralists seeking a port for exporting wool. The first building on the site was a goods shed taken over in 1883 by James Clark and John McKenzie, who opened a warehouse and store. Their store—as well as the newly established telegraph line—later influenced how the townsite was surveyed and laid out. Onslow was named after Sir Alexander Campbell Onslow (1842–1908), the Chief Magistrate and briefly Acting Governor. The original townsite contained 116 lots arranged in two blocks: ten near the river and the remainder inland. All streets except Anketell were named after Onslow’s relatives. From the beginning, the location proved difficult. The Ashburton River’s heavy wet-season flows, and cyclone-driven surges made safe mooring unreliable. Flooding of nearby claypans also affected the townsite. Over time, a sandbar at the river mouth became increasingly problematic, causing frequent maritime accidents and prompting calls for alternative port infrastructure. A sea jetty was constructed, though the first attempt was destroyed by a cyclone in 1897. Subsequent jetties were built too close to the river mouth, allowing silt to accumulate and rendering them ineffective at low tide or for heavy vessels. A more viable solution came with the construction of a new jetty at Beadon Point, some distance from the original town. This shift left Old Onslow isolated from regional transport networks. By 1920, the need to relocate the town was widely accepted, and the Ashburton Roads Board supported moving to Beadon. The process generated significant debate, including disputes over compensation and the name of the new town—variously proposed as Beadon, Ashburton, or Onslow. New Onslow was gazetted in January 1924, with land sales commencing in 1925. Old Onslow was gradually abandoned, though it technically remained a townsite until 1976, when the land was revested to the Crown. Many buildings were moved to the new town, but stone structures remained and now stand as ruins marking the original settlement. Over time, the Old Onslow Townsite has deteriorated due to erosion and unmanaged visitation. In January 2016, stabilisation works funded through the Chevron-operated Wheatstone Project’s $250 million social and critical infrastructure package were completed. These works included temporary mesh frames for the Old Gaol openings, protection of the water tank, and temporary arch supports to stabilise a gaol cell. The Pilbara Regional Council managed the project in partnership with Chevron and the Shire.

Archaeology

The place has enormous potential to reveal information about the history of the development and the abandonment of the town. Several studies have been undertaken to determine the character and extent of archaeological potential.

Integrity/Authenticity

High

Condition

Old Onslow Townsite is in ruinous and therefore poor condition

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